Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants. Ex situ conservation planning is more complicated than. National parks, sacred forests, lakes, marine parks, biosphere reserves, gene sanctuaries. In situ conservation is the preservation of species and populations of living organisms in a natural state in. Insitu measures are perceived as more holistic in their approach and allow the conservation of processes or habitats which cant be protected through exsitu measures e.
The techniques for ex situ conservation used today include seed. Chapter 14 ex situ conservation strategies flashcards. Trends in ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources. General considerations and scope both in situ and ex situ actions can have potential bene. Stages in the ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources 18 a. Techniques for ex situ plant conservation the material in field gene banks is alw ays readily available for characterization, evaluation, utilization, and research, whereas germ.
Guidelines on the preparation of national strategies and action plans for animal genetic resources were. Conservation is an ethic of resource use, allocation, and protection. Integrated plant conservation combines in situ and ex situ conservation approaches to support species survival. Iucn ssc guidelines for the use of ex situ management for species conservation 2014.
Its primary focus is upon maintaining the health of the natural world, its fisheries, habitats, and biological diversity. This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of techniques and facilities. Ex situ conservation provides less mobility to the organisms due to relatively smaller habitat or area than the in situ. Exsitu conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. There is also a need to prioritize ecosystems, species and populations for conservation. The objective of this strategy is to provide a framework for the efficient and effective ex situ conservation of the most important crop diversity collections in the eastern africa region, and to promote the availability of these plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. It calls for the development of technical guidelines to support countries in their implementation efforts. Moreover, ex situ conservation should be considered as a tool to. Management of germplasm collections and genebanks 101 a.
In order to ensure the maintenance of biodiversity, there is a need to employ complementary in situ and ex situ conservation. Conservation of biodiversity and genetic resources helps protect, maintain and recover endangered animal and plant species. The interests of the indigenous people are also protected. Ex situ conservation of biodiversity with particular. Both in situ and ex situ methods of biodiversity conservation are equally important. Designing ex situ conservation strategies through the assessment of neutral genetic markers. Particularly with respect to large animals, ex situ conservation is not cheap. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Ex situ conservation is the technique of conservation of all levels of. Ex situ conservation techniques are in particular appropriate for the conservation of crops and their wild relatives, while in situ conservation is especially appropriate for wild species and for. Skmppa introduction conservation of genetic resources is performed ex situ when populations, individuals or reproductive material are maintained outside their original growth environment ex situ conservation in plants is usually applied in welldefined situations fao 1989.
In situ conservation of genetic resources managing. There is less competition for food, water and space among the organisms. Ex situ conservation literally means, offsite conservation. The process of protecting an endangered plant or animal species in its. It is one of two basic conservation strategies, alongside insitu conservation. There are mainly two strategies for the conservation of wildlife. In situ conservation is the onsite conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plants or animal species such as forest genetic resources, in natural populations of tree and animal species. The objective of this document is to provide a framework for the efficient and effective ex situ conservation of the globally important collections of potato. Iucn species survival commission guidelines on the use of. Difference between in situ and ex situ conservation. This document represents the first version of a global conservation strategy gcs originally termed. Also in ex situ conservation, all of which house whole, protected specimens for breeding and reintroduction into the wild when necessary and possible.
Regional strategy for the ex situ conservation of plant. Its conservation embraces maintenance, sustainable utilization, and restoration, of the lost and degraded biodiversity through two basic and complementary strategies called in situ and ex situ. Development of co ordinated in situ and ex situ uk farm. Principles of in situ and ex situ conservation of biodiversity. The finger millet strategy was initiated in december, 2009 and discussions took place. Best practices for in situ conservation of economically. Pdf designing exsitu conservation strategies through.
Iucn species survival commission guidelines on the use of ex situ management for species conservation pdf. Seed gene banks make the easiest way to store germplasm of wild and cultivated plants at low temperature. There is an increasing need for a one plan approach for conservation strategies that integrate in situ and ex situ management processes. Biodiversity conservation different methods and strategies. Conservation and the world zoo conservation strategy, along with other guidelines. A global aquarium strategy for conservation and sustainability. Pdf trends in ex situ conservation of plant genetic. Zoological institutions contribute directly to threatened species conservation through paradigms, such as reintroduction, headstarting, supplementation, or rescuerehabilitationrelease. Botanical gardens, and zoos are the most conventional methods of exsitu conservation. Background on the development of the global strategy for. Zoos are considerably more expensive to operate than many other conservation programs, and protecting individual species in this setting simply is not cost effective as a single strategy. In many senses this is a direct result of the world zoo and aquarium conservation strategy, which was spearheaded by the world association of zoos and aquariums waza in 2005.
Exsitu off site conservation is a set of conservation techniques involving the transfer of a target species away from its native habitat. It is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed, of plant or animal outside its natural habitat. In situ conservation of genetic resources a species or a population sample of a particular part of its genetic variation can be maintained through in situ or ex situ conservation. These efforts may include data collection, longterm ex situ population management, or in situ conservation programmes that result in reintroduction to the wild.
In situ and ex situ conservation linkedin slideshare. Ex situ conservation strategies for threatened species often require long. Iucn guidelines for determining when and how ex situ. Historically, insitu conservation was the preferred biodiversity conservation approach over exsitu conservation 10. Pdf technologies and strategies for ex situ conservation. It is one of two basic conservation strategies, alongside in situ conservation. Ex situ conservation strategies flashcards quizlet. Conservation of biodiversity protecting the loss of biodiversity.
Global strategy for the ex situ conservation of potato. Ex situ conservation strategies study guide by mbrooke42 includes 23 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Ex situ conservation methods forest genetic resources. The major genebanks conserving proso, barnyard, kodo, and little millets are presented in table 8. A system wide approach to managing zoo collections for. Planning for ex situ conservation in the face of uncertainty. Currently, a number of stakeholdersactors are actively working on biodiversity conservation through ex situ conservation strategies by. Global strategy for the ex situ conservation of potato date. July 2006 disclaimer this document has been developed by the crop experts. Biodiversity encompasses variety and variability of all forms of life on earth that play a great role in human existence. In situ conservation means the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surround. In situ and ex situ conservation of commercial tropical trees itto. Difference between in situ and exsitu conservation. Ex situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats.
Ex situ off site conservation is a set of conservation techniques involving the transfer of a target species away from its native habitat. Iucn technical guidelines on the management of exsitu. This chapter explores ex situ conservation techniques, particularly. In situ conservation protects species in their native habitat, while ex situ conservation ensures plant material is available for research, horticulture, and education activities that ultimately support reintroduction efforts, to. These guidelines are intended to be used in situations in which ex situ management is. A compiled rmarkdown pdf including code and commentary is provided as supplementary code. The integration of in situ and ex situ conservation planning ensures that, whenever appropriate, ex situ conservation is used to support. Not all species will require an ex situ component as part of their conservation strategy, and not all ex situ. In situ conservation vs ex situ conservation javatpoint. Ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources 14 iv. This in situ ex situ integration necessitates collaboration at.
Iucn species survival commission guidelines on the use of ex situ. This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of. The conservation of biodiversity is achieved by two approaches in situ and ex situ. Ex situ conservation an overview sciencedirect topics. Article 8 of the convention on biological diversity cbd specifies in situ conservation as the primary conservation strategy, and states that ex situ measures should play a supportive role to reach conservation targets in situ conservation aims to enable biodiversity to maintain itself within. They are the most publicly visited ex situ conservation sites, with the wzcs world zoo conservation strategy. The global plan of action for animal genetic resources, adopted in 2007, is the first internationally agreed framework for the management of biodiversity in the livestock sector. Management and conservation of captive tigers, chapter 8. Prepare a ten minute presentation to describe how the survival of one plant or one animal observed is being assisted by exsitu conservation strategies. In situ conservation provides the required green cover and its associated benefits to our environment. Describe the role of zoo, aquaria, botanical garden, arboreta and seed bank in conservation and give example for each.
Conservation breeding programmes are typically managed by regional associations, which have established special committees taxon advisory groups, or tags to oversee the work. The ex situ conservation strategies include botanical gardens, zoological gardens. Ex situ conservation is the oldest conservation strategy targeted to preserve seeds or other propagative materials in a place separated from the environment of origin such as botanical gardens or genebanks. It is now recognized that ex situ techniques can be efficiently used to complement in situ methods, and they may represent the only option for conserving certain highly endangered and rare. During the long period 3 billion years since the origin and diversification of life on earth, there were five episodes of mass extinction of species. We present a framework that considers the decision to adopt ex situ management for a target species as the end point of several linked decisions. Application to the endangered androcymbium gramineum. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. Ex situ conservation of biodiversity involves the breeding and maintenance of endangered species in artificial ecosystems such as zoos, nurseries, botanical gardens, gene banks, etc. In situ conservation is one of two basic conservation strategies, alongside ex situ conservation. This has been elaborated in a number of plans and programmes in which has been added the concept of onfarm or ingarden conservation see, for example, priority activity area 2 of the global plan of action fao, 1996. Ex situ conservation is the widely used method to conserve millet genetic resources. Pdf ex situ conservation of biodiversity with particular emphasis.
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