Nuclear propulsion through direct conversion of fusion energy the future of manned space exploration and development of space depends critically on the creation of a dramatically more proficient propulsion architecture for inspace transportation. The impact of electric propulsion on the performance of. Electric propulsion system characterization through experiments. The impact of electric propulsion on the performance of vtol. Dec 19, 2015 1 overview ofthe conventional power plants in marine system. Electric ion space propulsion systems and thrusters. The subsequent pages within the electric propulsion section contain specific information and technologies pertaining to the differing subsets of electric propulsion systems. Geared toward advanced undergraduates and graduate students, this text systematically develops the concepts of electrical acceleration of gases for propulsion. Journal of propulsion and power articles in advance. Electric propulsion an analysis of current propulsion. This report embraces a number of conventional propulsion methods and fuels and also. This important new book explains the fundamentals of electric propulsion for spacecraft and describes in detail the physics and characteristics of the two major electric thrusters in use today, ion and hall thrusters. Experimental characterization is an essential task in development, qualification and optimization process of electric propulsion thrusters or ion beam sources for material processing, because it can verify that the thruster or ion beam source fulfills the requested mission or application requirements, and it can provide parameters for thruster and plasma modeling. We are partners of the giesepp consortium which is supported by the european unions horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
An ion thruster or ion drive is a form of electric propulsion used for spacecraft propulsion. Cathodeless ion engines are on the hayabusa asteroid explorer, and kaufmantype engines are on the engineering test satelliteviii at. Physics of electric propulsion dover books on physics, jahn. Equation 1 shows the efficiency as a function of propellant velocity. Electric propulsion 127 historically, conceptually, and pragmatically, this. Robert george jahn april 1, 1930 november 15, 2017 was an american plasma physicist, professor of aerospace science, and dean of engineering at princeton university.
The technology of early ion propulsion systems that used cesium and mercury propellants. An ion engine has a high specific impulse making it very fuelefficient but a very low thrust. Most of these kinds of spacecraft propulsion systems work by electrically expelling propellant reaction mass at high speed electric thrusters typically use much less propellant than chemical rockets because they have a higher exhaust speed operate. Hall thrusters have had a curious and long history. The project ended in 2002, when the advanced space transportation program was reorganized and all speculative research less than technology. Advances in electric propulsion electric propulsion has been applied in marine vessels over many decades, while the real expansion and wider use started in the 1990s.
Nuclear electric propulsion is expected to open new doors in deep space. Hybrid electric propulsion breakout summary from nasa aeropropulsion control technology roadmap development workshop august 1819, 2016, cleveland, ohio george kopasakis. Electrostatic propulsion devices electrothermal propulsion devices electromagnetic propulsion devices. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading physics of electric propulsion dover books on physics. Merino, 20170126 ep2 research group new capabilities. Jahn geared toward advanced undergraduates and graduate students, this text systematically develops the concepts of electrical acceleration of gases for propulsion. The breakthrough propulsion physics project bpp was a research project funded by nasa from 19962002 to study various proposals for revolutionary methods of spacecraft propulsion that would require breakthroughs in physics before they could be realized. An short introduction to plasma and ion spacecraft propulsion.
Overview of electric propulsion activities in japan invited. Solar electric propulsion concepts for human space exploration. Abstract a rocket is a machine that develops thrust by means of rapid expulsion of matter. Read unlimited books and audiobooks on the web, ipad, iphone and. Future trends of electrical propulsion and implications to. The role of nuclear power and nuclear propulsion in the peaceful exploration of space. Our electric space propulsion expertise is based on the space proven radio frequency ion technology rit. Read unlimited books and audiobooks on the web, ipad, iphone and android. Luckily we can distinguish two qualitatively different regions.
New branch point of contact for hybridelectric control research is. Thruster for the solar electric propulsion technology demonstration mission, presented at the 62nd jannaf propulsion meeting, jannaf20153946, nashville, tn, june 1 5, 2015. The ion propulsion system for the solar electric propulsion. Army public school, bangalore, university of petroleum and energy sciences. Radio frequency ion propulsion for orbit raising, station keeping and deep space missions. Texts that start at a fundamental concept building toward a complex set of actions is invaluable.
Within this field, we produce complete propulsion systems, modules, thrusters and related components. An advanced electric propulsion diagnostic aepd platform. Electrothermal propulsion, wherein the propellant is heated by some electrical process, then expanded through a suitable nozzle 2. May 26, 2006 geared toward advanced undergraduates and graduate students, this text systematically develops the concepts of electrical acceleration of gases for propulsion.
Figure 1 development of electric propulsion fleet in 1995 the electric propulsion fleet was made of 269 units, with 11 units delivered that year. The electric propulsion systems linkedin slideshare. Richard hofer preparing to test jpls 6 kw hall thruster. Electrical aspects of the rocket ion propulsion system. Spacecraft powered by typical electric propulsion systems may eject propellant at up to 20 times the speed of conventional chemical systems, delivering a much higher specific impulse, or the amount of thrust obtained for the weight of fuel burned. Katz, electric propulsion for jpl missions aiaa20053674, 41 st aiaa joint propulsion conference, tucson, az, july 10, 2005. May 26, 2006 physics of electric propulsion by robert g. The role of nuclear power and nuclear propulsion in the. For propulsion, the maximum thruster efficiency can be summed as the kinetic energy divided by the total energy spent or power in a given unit of time. A form of electric space propulsion in which ions are accelerated by an electrostatic field to produce a highspeed typically about 30 kms exhaust. Download pdf physicsofelectricpropulsion free online. A followup mission launched on 3 february 1970, sert2, carried two ion thrusters, one operated for more than five months and the other for almost three months. Modeling the physics of plasma thruster plumes in electric propulsion m. The demonstration of electric propulsion was an ion engine carried on board the sert1 space electric rocket test spacecraft, launched on 20 july 1964 and it operated for 31 minutes.
Overview of electric propulsion activities in japan kimiya komurasaki1 the university of tokyo, kashiwa, 2778561, japan and hitoshi kuninaka 2 japan aerospace exploration agency, sagamihara, 2998510, japan. Start here if the reader really wants to understand the initial motivations behind design trades in the beginning of spaceflight. Electric propulsion is not a new concept, having been studied in parallel with chemical propulsion for many years, and sciencefiction writers have always been fascinated by it. Starting with primary physical principles and concluding with realistic space thruster designs, it surveys aspects of electricity, magnetism, and ionized gas mechanics. Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion wikipedia. Consortium partners include the arianegroup, qinetiq, ohb, crisa airbus defence and space, ast advanced space technologies, mars space and the university of. Electric propulsion and plasma dynamics laboratory princeton. The general classes of systems for electric propulsion are. Geared toward advanced undergraduates and graduate students, this text systematically develops the. Electromagnetic, electrothermal, and electrostatic thrusters rely upon the supply of electric power for propulsion.
Solar electric propulsion concepts for human space exploration carolyn r. Electric propulsion the acceleration of gases for propulsion by electric heating andor by electric and magnetic body forces. The advent of distributed propulsion and electric or hybrid electric propulsion systems offers additional opportunities to optimize the vehicle layout and improve flight performance. Electrical aspects of the rocket ion propulsion system jaisal chauhan, dr ugur guven. They are then collected by the upstream anode, and pumped by the power supply to an external. Throughout most of the twentieth century, electric propulsion was considered the technology of the future. It describes the physical mechanisms and designs for various types of rockets and provides an understanding of how rocket propulsion is applied to flying vehicles. Physics of electric propulsion dover books on physics. New branch point of contact for hybrid electric control research is. As an additional application it is also possible, that the energy necessary for the functioning of the electric units of the propulsion system is ensured by using. The book, dated, is a wonderful introduction to the world of electric propulsion. Physics of electric propulsion dover books on physics 9780486450407. Barrett national aeronautics and space administration glenn research center cleveland, ohio 445 abstract advances in solar array and electric thruster technologies now offer the promise of new, very capable. Other electric propulsion devices can have even more dramatic losses 1.
Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service. A simplified illustrative description of the principles of operation is given. Jahn, 9780486450407, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide. Electrostatic propulsion, wherein the propellant is. The most famous spaceships in the sf literature are powered by electricpropulsion engines, like the discovery in the film 2001. Utilization of ambient gas as a propellant for low earth orbit electric propulsion pdf. Hybrid electric propulsion breakout summary from nasa aero propulsion control technology roadmap development workshop august 1819, 2016, cleveland, ohio george kopasakis. Physics of electric propulsion dover books on physics kindle edition by jahn, robert g download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. An procash 280 pdf electric field and electromagnetic propulsion, wherein current driven.
In 20 the fleet accounted for 1750 units, with 199 units delivered that year alone figure 1 and figure 2. Although we have discussed the differences between the two principal types of airbreathing propulsion systems, it is interesting to note that that the ramjet is a particular case of the gas turbine propulsion system. The advent of distributed propulsion and electricor hybridelectric propulsion systems offers additional opportunities to optimize the vehicle layout and improve flight performance. Electric propulsion systems for ships topics yoshifumi ajioka kiyoshi ohno increasing use of electric propulsion systems on ships as is the case with general automobiles that are driven on land, the main type of engine used on ships is the internal combustion engine motors such as diesel engines and gas turbines. Electric propulsion systems describe a wide variety of differing mechanics to propel a spacecraft. Jahn, professor of aerospace sciences at princeton university, starts his presentation with primary physical principles and concludes with realistic space thruster designs. Pdf electric propulsion research and development at jpl. Nextstep research opportunities lay at the intersection between the issues evoked by the propulsion ideas and unresolved problems in contemporary physics. Modeling the physics of plasma thruster plumes in electric. American institute of aeronautics and astronautics 12700 sunrise valley drive, suite 200 reston, va 201915807 703. Lecture notes marine power and propulsion mechanical. An electricallypowered spacecraft propulsion system uses electrical, and possibly also magnetic fields, to change the velocity of a spacecraft.
Choueiri, electric propulsion, encyclopedia of physical. Stipub1197 isbn 9201074042 includes bibliographical references. Electric propulsion system characterization through. The subsequent pages within the electric propulsion section contain specific information and technologies pertaining to the. Giesepp gridded ion engine standardised electric propulsion platform consortium. Biblarz, the eighth edition of rocket propulsion elements offers a thorough introduction to basic principles of rocket propulsion for guided missiles, space flight, or satellite flight. Electric propulsion an analysis of current propulsion systems. A more systematic and detailed version of this process is john andersons horizon mission methodology 6. Merino, 20170126 unmagnetized ep plasma plumes physical phenomena in a plasma plume can be complex. A new principle of electric propulsion for spacecraft is introduced, using microwave technology to achieve direct conversion of d. Ion and hall thrusters march 2008 the research described in this publication was carried out at the jet propulsion laboratory, california institute of technology, under a contract with the national aeronautics and space administration. Geared toward advanced undergraduates and graduate st. Read physics of electric propulsion online by robert g.
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